Could prenatal cannabis exposure affect young children? Research suggests it does.

A new study from Nationwide Children’s Hospital, published in JAMA Pediatrics, highlights that prenatal exposure to cannabis can impact young children’s behavior and cognitive skills. Children exposed to cannabis in the womb showed poorer impulse control, attention, and planning skills, along with increased aggression—abilities that are crucial for school and social interactions.

Dr. Sarah Keim, the lead researcher, points out that while cannabis may seem “natural,” its use during pregnancy can have lasting effects on a child’s brain development. The study reinforces existing health guidelines advising against cannabis use during pregnancy, especially as today’s cannabis is much stronger than in the past. The takeaway: expecting mothers should consult healthcare providers for safer ways to manage pregnancy symptoms like nausea or anxiety.

Researchers used a series of observational assessments, collecting data on preschool-aged children’s behaviors and cognitive abilities. They employed parental surveys and direct behavioral observations to evaluate impulse control, attention, problem-solving, and emotional regulation.

This study validates earlier findings by using a modern sample and noting the effect of higher-potency cannabis, highlighting implications for child neurodevelopment and clinical guidelines.

Prenatal Exposure: The exposure of an unborn baby to substances while still in the womb. Prenatal exposure occurs when a mother consumes or is exposed to substances that can cross the placenta and affect fetal development.

Executive Functioning: A group of mental processes that enable people to plan, focus attention, remember instructions, and juggle multiple tasks successfully. These skills are essential for goal-directed behavior and self-regulation

Impulse Control: The ability to resist or delay an urge or immediate reaction. In children, strong impulse control is important for managing emotions and behaviors in socially acceptable ways.